First report on the nationwide prevalence of paediatric type 1 diabetes in Serbia and temporal trends of diabetes ketoacidosis at diagnosis-a multicentre study.

We aimed to collect data on all paediatric patients who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) between the years 2000 and 2019 in Serbia and estimate for the first time its prevalence. Also, the trends of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) occurrence at the time of diagnosis are monitored. We collected and retrospectively analysed the data of patients <19 years with newly diagnosed T1DM. T1DM was diagnosed in 3134 patients (53.2% male). Total number of youth <19 years with T1DM was 1735 with prevalence of 135.25/100000 at the end of study period. T1DM was diagnosed most frequently between the ages of 5 and 11 years (42.1%). At the time of diagnosis, 35.7% presented in DKA. The incidence and severity of DKA were more significant at the youngest age (p<0.001). There were significant annual percentage increase (2.2%) in the number of new cases of DKA (p=0.007). Conclusion: This first report of nationwide prevalence of T1DM in youth shows that Serbia is among countries with high prevalence of T1DM in youth. System changes are needed in order to provide better quality of health care to these patients.

Orbital lymphoma with isolated occult bilateral adrenal involvement: report of an extremely rare case.

Orbital lymphoma is very rare malignant neoplasm, usually diagnosed in early stage of disease as primary lymphoma, but dissemination occurs in approximately 33% of cases. Isolated bilateral adrenal lymphomatous involvement is extremely rare, described in 0.83% of cases. We present autopsy case of a 63-year-old man with bilateral orbital diffuse large cell lymphoma, clinical stage IEA, successfully treated by one cycle of chemo- and radiotherapy, but after administration of the second cycle, the patient developed signs of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and died two months after the diagnosis. Autopsy findings exclude lymphoma involvement of any organ except histopathological infiltration of both adrenal glands without evidence of a mass lesion.